Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,
The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2024 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session on Feb. 8th (5-6pm) and talks on Feb. 9th. We are thrilled to feature plenary talks by Dr. Jill Mikucki from UT Knoxville and Dr. Masatoshi Hirabayashi from Georgia Tech.
Talks and the poster session will be held in person at Georgia Tech, with a virtual viewing/presenting option for talks. Our aim is to highlight early career projects that explore, conceptualize, celebrate, and discover pieces of space, life’s origins, and astrobiology from any field in the Atlanta area. Through this colloquium, we hope to:
forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels and backgrounds
expand our internal awareness of local work and innovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs
General registration and abstract submission are throughthis form. All early career individuals (undergrads, grads, postdocs, research scientists, and more) are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by the end of the day January 26th. To prepare your abstract you will need a title, author/affiliation list, and one descriptive paragraph. The announcement of selected speakers and poster presentations will be made on February 1st.
Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!
Sincerely,
The Georgia Tech Astrobiology Fellows
Colin Burnett, Sarah Kingsley, Mohamed Nassif, Chad Pozarycki, Vahab Rajaei, and Jose Luis Ramirez Colon
Dear Astrobiology, Origins of Life, and Space Exploration Enthusiasts,
The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2023 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session and reception on the evening of February 9thand talks throughout the day on February 10th. Talks and the poster session will be held in person at Georgia Tech, with a possible virtual viewing/presenting option for talks. We are thrilled to feature keynotes from Dr. Amy Williams and Dr. Heather Abbott-Lyon. Our aim is to bring together researchers from around the Atlanta regional area, and to highlight early career projects from any field that explore, conceptualize, celebrate, and discover pieces of space, life’s origins, and astrobiology. Through this colloquium, we hope to:
forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels, and backgrounds
expand our awareness of local work and innovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs
General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All early career individuals (undergrads, grads, postdocs, research scientists, and more) are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by noon on January 19th. Late submissions for posters will be accepted through February 8th. To prepare your abstract you will need a title, author/affiliation list, and one descriptive paragraph. Announcement of selected speakers will be made on January 20th.
ExplOrigins’ inclusion of a wide breadth of fields joins our commitment for inclusion across race, gender, age, religion, identity, (dis)ability, sexual orientation, and experience.
If you have any questions about the abstract submission process or any other aspect of the colloquium, please email the conference organizers at gtexplorigins@gmail.com.
Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!
Sincerely,
The organizing committee
Christina Buffo, Claire Elbon, Tatiana Gibson, Becca Guth-Metzler, Emmy Hughes, Sarah Kingsley, Jordan McKaig, Vahab Rajaei, Micah Schaible, and Sharissa Thompson
General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All Early career individuals are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by the end of the day on February 4th.
We are thrilled to announce that Dr. Amy Mainzer will be one of our plenary speakers. Dr. Mainzer has done amazing asteroid research and telescope component engineering along with astronomy outreach to children, so be sure to register for the colloquium to hear her talk!
The program for the event can be found at the link below.
Talks Section 1: Clathrates, Cubesats, and Characterization
Christina Buffo
Bacterial Clathrate-Binding Proteins in the Deep Subsurface Biosphere: Implications for Gas Clathrate Stability and Habitability
Abigail Johnson (Virtual)
Virtual Super-Resolution Optics with Reconfigurable Swarms (VISORS): a Two-CubeSat Formation-Flying Telescope for Coronal Observation
William Rawson
Characterization and Thermal Analysis of Metal Phosphites and Their Role in Astrobiology
Kimberly Faye Meyberg
11:05 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Talks Section 2: All about Mars
Taylor Plattner
Geochemical and Mineralogical Evidence Against Hydrothermal Conditions in Eridania Basin, Mars
Emily Hughes
Modeling the behavior of mud flows on Mars
Abigail Russ
Testing the Hypothesis of Ancient Volcanism in Arabia Terra, Mars
Grace Fanson
12:00 – 1:00 p.m.
Lunch Break
1:00 – 2:00 p.m.
Keynote
Dr. Amy Mainzer
2:00 – 3:05 p.m.
Talks Section 3: Inside Cellular and Molecular Evolution
Jordan McKaig
Molecular Memory at the Emergence of Life
Kavita Matange
Experimental Predictions of Ribosomal Evolution
Jay Haynes
Using the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial ribosome as an orthogonal evolvable translation system
Brooke Rothschild-Mancinelli
The Dual Origins of Phototrophy Reveals the Importance of Evolutionary Priority Effects in Major Transitions
Anthony Burnetti
3:05 – 3:15 p.m.
Astrobiology Certificate Ceremony & Closing
Dr. Jennifer Glass & Dr. Frances Rivera-Hernandez
More Info:
This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session on Feb. 17th and talks on Feb. 18th. The posters session and talks will be held in person at Georgia Tech, and the talks will have a virtual viewing option. Our aim is to highlight work involving space exploration, biological, geological, and astronomical origins, and astrobiology from any field in the Atlanta area. Through this colloquium, we hope to:
Forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels and backgrounds
Expand our internal awareness of local work and innovations
Encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
Provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs
Past submissions have come from Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, and multiple engineering and other departments. We are also continuing our encouragement of a wide breadth of topics, with examples from previous years ranging across mathematical orbital dynamics modeling, the ancestral ribosome, mission architecture design, and early Earth atmospheres, and we hope to see an expansion of subjects in this coming year. If you’re not sure whether your work is related, submit it!
ExplOrigins’ inclusion of a wide breadth of topics joins our commitment for inclusion across race, gender, age, religion, identity, (dis)ability, sexual orientation, and experience.
If you have any questions regarding the abstract submission process, please email the conference organizers at gtexplorigins@gmail.com.
Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!
Sincerely,
The organizing committee
Christina Buffo, Chase Chivers, Rebecca Guth-Metzler, Jordan McKaig, Tyler Roche, Taylor Plattner, and Julie Yan.
We are excited to present the latest information on our Explorigins colloquium this week as part of Space Science Week @ Tech! See the flyer and schedule below for additional information and a detailed schedule.
Watch party for the landing of the Perserverance rover on Mars, co-hosted with CSTAR
Note: This event has separate registration.
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Plenary Speaker: Prof. Lisa Yaszek
Talk Title: A Brief History of Astrobiology Science Fiction, 5BCE–Present
Abstract: In this talk, Regents Professor of Science Fiction Studies Dr. Lisa Yaszek demonstrates how science fiction artists anticipate, dramatize, and extend our ideas about astrobiology. After briefly reviewing astrobiology themes in ancient and medieval world literature, Dr. Yaszek explores three aspects of this discipline that fascinate modern scientists and speculative artists alike: exobiology, the origins of life, and planetary habitability. She concludes by considering the increasingly global and self-reflexive nature of recent astrobiology stories across media.
Bio: Lisa Yaszek is Regents’ Professor of Science Fiction Studies in the School of Literature, Media, and Communication at Georgia Tech. Her books include Galactic Suburbia: Recovering Women’s Science Fiction (Ohio State, 2008); Sisters of Tomorrow: The First Women of Science Fiction (Wesleyan 2016); and Literary Afrofuturism in the Twenty-FirstCentury (co-edited with Isiah Lavender III, Ohio State, 2020). Yaszek ideas have been featured in The Washington Post, Food and Wine Magazine, and USA Today, and she has been an expert commentator for the BBC4’s Stranger Than Sci Fi, Wired.com’s Geek’s Guide to the Galaxy, and the AMC miniseries James Cameron’s Story of Science Fiction. A past president of the Science Fiction Research Association, Yaszek currently serves as a juror for the John W. Campbell and Eugie Foster Science Fiction Awards.
Welcome to Space Science week at Georgia Tech! Georgia Tech’s Center for Space Tecnology and Research and the ExplOrigins team–our GT Early career Astrobiology community–are teaming up to bring you a fantastic week of events and information about the Red Planet, and the history and exploration of our solar system. We’re excited to showcase some of the exciting work being done here at Tech, and help celebrate the landing of NASA’s Perseverance Rover on Mars this Thursday! Each day, we’ll send out some Mars Minutes to help you get informed and excited for the big events this Wednesday through Friday. The schedule follows below.
Today’s Mars Minute is a rundown of the Mars 2020 mission and the Perseverance Rove Every two years, the orbits are right to send a mission to Mars. With the Mars 2020 mission, the goal is to start the ambitious Mars Sample Return program. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover will search for signs of ancient microbial life, which will advance NASA’s quest to explore the past habitability of Mars. The rover has a drill to collect core samples of Martian rock and soil, then store them in sealed tubes for pickup by a future mission that would ferry them back to Earth for detailed analysis. Perseverance will also test technologies to help pave the way for future human exploration of Mars. Strapped to the rover’s belly for the journey to Mars is a technology demonstration — the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, may achieve a “Wright Brothers moment “ by testing the first powered flight on the Red Planet.
Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,
The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2021 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This virtual colloquium will have events spanning two days:
Wednesday, February 17th: Poster Session
Thursday, February 18th: Research talks and Mars 2020 Perserverance Landing viewing
Our aim is to highlight work involving space exploration; biological, geological, and astronomical origins; and astrobiology of any sub-field at Georgia Tech and beyond.
Through this colloquium, we hope to:
forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels, and backgrounds
expand our internal awareness of local work an dinnovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs
For registration and abstract submission, complete the form linked below by the end of the day on January 21st (see update below). Announcement of selected speakers and poster presentations will be made on January 25th.
Update: The abstract deadline has been extended to January 29th! Get those abstracts in!
A selection of permitted presenter titles and abstracts have been published below.
Plenary Speakers
Dr. Christopher E. Carr
The synthesis of complex organic molecules, including the building blocks of life as we know it, occurs in stellar nebulas, in reducing planetary atmospheres, and through aqueous reaction networks. To the extent that this chemistry is universal, life elsewhere may also utilize amino acids, and nucleic acids or related informational polymers (IPs) for information storage and heredity.
Earth and Mars have exchanged an estimated billion tons of rock due to large meteorite impacts. If life exists on Mars, it could be related to us. Such an assumption is unlikely to hold for any life within Saturn’s moon Enceladus, or at Jupiter’s moon Europa. Here we describe progress towards life detection beyond Earth via single molecule sequencing of nucleic acids: a Search for Extra-Terrestrial Genomes (SETG). We also describe preliminary work to develop the Electronic Life-detection Instrument for Enceladus/Europa (ELIE), which would utilize nanogaps as a solid-state single molecule detector that is agnostic to the precise target chemical identity, extending detection capabilities from life as we know it to life as we don’t know it.
Dr. Mariel Borowitz
The field of astrobiology, with roots more than 100 years old, evolved quickly after the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This talk explores how the evolution of the field was influenced not only by important developments in science and technology, but also by political and policy issues and decisions. It traces the development of the field over the last sixty years and ends with some discussion of new directions going forward.
Presentations
Dr. Micah Schiable — Chemistry and Biochemistry
The distribution of material throughout our Solar System can place strong constraints on the possible dynamical and thermal histories of small bodies. Only by obtaining a measurement of the large-scale compositional distribution in various regions of the Solar System can questions regarding the origins and history of many small bodies begin to be addressed. Additionally, having a means to rapidly characterize the elemental compositions of bodies could help identify valuable resources for exploration and in situ resource utilization purposes.
The composition of bodies can only be loosely constrained using typical reflected light spectroscopy techniques. Although sample return is the best means of determine details of composition and formation conditions for bodies, it is costly, risky, and limited to a small number of sampling locations. A robust and sensitive technique for obtaining elemental composition of surfaces in high vacuum environments is the collection and analysis of secondary ions ejected due to solar wind and magnetosphere ion sputtering and meteorite impacts. First proposed for space based compositional analysis over 30 years ago [Managadze and Sagdeev, 1988; Johnson and Baragiola, 1991], this technique is commonly known in the laboratory as SIMS and can achieve excellent signal to noise ratios due to low ion backgrounds and high detection sensitivities achievable. Additionally, SIMS measurements at small bodies can help resolve whether these bodies harbor any potentially valuable resources for future exploration missions and how the composition of rocky asteroids varies throughout the Solar System.
Kelvin Smith — Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
My research focuses on the investigation of the relevant kinetic mechanisms of chiral depsipeptide polymerization and degradation. Once these depsipeptide mechanisms are identified, you can predict behavior of similar peptides used to create biopolymers for pharmaceutical purposes such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. The model provides helpful predictions for future synthesis of other depsipeptides, and it consists of a complex Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) framework that simulates growth and degradation of chiral depsipeptides. To use the framework, rate constants of relevant mechanisms must be known a priori through either experimental data or a literary search. To investigate the kinetic mechanisms of ester reactions in depsipeptides, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data of two test molecules are collected and quantified at different pH values and temperatures: multiple oligomers of an HO-dipeptide called glycolic acid alanine (gA) and a methylated molecule of the gA dimer called propionic acid alanine glycolic acid alanine ((PA)AgA). I model and simulate the evolution and degradation of gA using MATLAB to extract rate constants. These degradation rate constants come from a novel model structure that describes two hypothesized mechanisms: scission and backbiting. I perform statistical procedures to determine how good the model fits are to the data, how likely one mechanism describes a model over another, and how confident we can be in the predicted values. Preliminary results show that both scission and backbiting rate constants of the gA oligomers and (PA)AgA follow an Arrhenius relationship and that backbiting is a dominant degradation mechanism at basic pH values in gA oligomers. When the rate constants were plotted against pH, similar behavior can be found in the literature.
Petar Penev — Biological Sciences
The ribosome’s common core connects all life back to a common ancestor and serves as a window to relationships among organisms. In eukaryotes, the common core contains expansion segments (ES’s) that vastly increase ribosomal RNA size. Supersized ES’s have not been observed previously in Bacteria or Archaea, and the origin of eukaryotic ES’s remains enigmatic. We discovered that the large subunit rRNA of Lokiarchaeota, the closest modern cell lineage to the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya, bridges the gap in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rRNA. The long large subunit rRNA in Lokiarchaeota is largely due to the presence of two eukaryotic-like, supersized ES’s, ES9 and ES39, which are transcribed in situ. We applied computational models, covariation analysis, and chemical footprinting experiments to study the structure and evolution of Lokiarchaeota ES9 and ES39. We also defined the eukaryotic ES39 fold for comparison. We found that Lokiarchaeota and eukaryotic ES’s are structurally distinct: Lokiarchaeota ES39 has more and longer helices than the eukaryotic ES39 fold. Despite their structural differences, we found that Lokiarchaeota and eukaryotic ES’s originated from a common ancestor that was “primed” for evolution of larger and more complex rRNAs than those found in Bacteria and other archaea.
Dr. Anthony Burnetti
Phototrophy – the ability of a cell to capture light energy for metabolism – is responsible for the vast majority of biomass production and metabolic flux on Earth, and its origin represents an extremely important evolutionary transition. This capability has evolved independently exactly twice in Earth’s history, via chlorophototrophic and retinalophototrophic machinery. Close examination of the properties of these metabolic pathways reveals them to be remarkably complementary in their chemical makeup and ecological roles, suggesting that their properties are the result of ancient ecological interactions between incumbent and novel phototrophs filling initially vacant ecological niches rather than being the random results of rare, difficult innovations. Each origin of phototrophy has filled a particular niche in the tradeoff between efficiency per unit light and efficiency per unit protein infrastructure, and has suppressed the evolution of novel machineries like themselves while failing to suppress each other due to their fundamental architectural differences.
As a “dual evolutionary singularity”, phototrophy can also be used as a touchstone to understand the dynamics of major evolutionary innovations and transitions in the history of life on Earth. Many innovations, such as the singular origin of eukaryotes or the origin of life itself, occurred exactly once and transformed the planet. Others, like the evolution of multicellularity, have occurred many times. This could be due to some innovations being intrinsically rare or difficult, or evolutionary singularities could be singular as a result of ecological interactions by first-movers suppressing innovation by other lineages. The example of phototrophy suggests that many of these singularities could be simpler to evolve than they seem, and could be common in other biospheres.
Aaron Pital
The pace of publication in the sciences has long since outstripped human ability to read and synthesize information. While interdisciplinary work can mitigate some of this burden, there remain fundamental questions about whether attentional blindness and the opportunity cost of reaching beyond the comfort of one’s expertise hold back innovation in speculative fields such as the origins of life. We present a brief model of associative information in scientific publication and propose tools derived from information theory, natural language processing, and data science to search for physical and chemical contexts embedded in literature from fields as diverse and non-traditional as soil science and drug design. The goals of these efforts are 1) to identify physical and chemical information of interest to origins of life researchers which would otherwise be unlikely to rise to the community’s attention and 2) to define rules for correlated information generally to improve literature cataloging, referencing and retrieval.
On behalf of Georgia Tech Astrobiology and the ExplOrigins early career group, we invite you to join us for the 2020 Exploration and Origins Colloquium. Please click HERE to register or submit a poster abstract. The colloquium kicks off with a poster session on Monday January 27th, and continues with a day of plenary lectures, contributed talks, and a breakout networking session on Tuesday, January 28th. If you have any questions regarding the abstract submission process, please email the conference organizers at info.gt.astrob.colloq@gmail.com. Thank you for your consideration.
Schedule:
January 27th, 2020, MoSE 1st and 2nd Floor Atrium 5:00 PM – 7:00 PM: PosterSession
January 28th, 2020, IBB Suddath Seminar Room 8:00 AM – 8:45 AM: Coffee and Poster Viewing 8:45 AM – 8:50 AM: Welcome from College of Sciences Dean Susan Lozier 8:50 AM – 9:00 AM: Exploration and Origins Colloquium Welcome 9:00 AM – 10:00 AM: Plenary 1 Mariel Borowitz: Astrobiology: Science, Technology, Policy, and Politics 10:00 AM – 10:15 AM: Coffee Break 10:20 AM – 12:00 PM: Morning Session (Introduction: Tyler Roche)
Kynan Hughson: Possible pingo analogs may populate Ceres
Micah Schaible: In situ characterization of elemental compositions for small bodies throughout the Solar System
Bradley Burcar: The impact of CO2 and cyanide in prebiotic environments on mineral formation and urea-based phosphorylation reactions
Kelvin Smith: Mechanistic Investigation of Depsipeptides in the Early Earth Through Kinetic Monte Carlo Framework
Petar Penev: Eukaryotic-like ribosomal RNA region in Lokiarchaeota
12:00 PM – 1:00 PM: Lunch (MoSE 1st and 2nd floor atrium) 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM: Plenary 2 — Christopher Carr: A Direct Search for Life As We Know It and Don’t Know It 2:00 PM – 3:00 PM: Afternoon Session 1 (Introduction: Taylor Plattner)
Nadia Szeinbaum: Synthetic microbial consortia to explore cooperation on early Earth
Anthony Burnetti:The dual origins of phototrophy and major evolutionary transitions.
Devon Cole:Stability of atmospheric oxygen levels and ocean ventilation
Philip Szot: Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa (VERNE) Mission and System Design
Loren Dean Williams: Polymers versus Metabolism
Adriana Lozoya Colinas: DNA replication facilitated by a prebiotic solvent
Aaron Pital:Semantic mining of chemical origins from non-chemistry disciplines
5:00-6:00: Networking breakout session
Plenary Speakers
Mariel Borowitz
Assistant Professor, Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology
Astrobiology: Science, Technology, Policy, and Politics
Mariel Borowitz is an Assistant Professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at Georgia Tech. Her research deals with international space policy issues, including international cooperation in Earth observing satellites and satellite data sharing policies. She also focuses on strategy and developments in space security and space situational awareness. Dr. Borowitz earned a PhD in Public Policy at the University of Maryland and a Masters degree in International Science and Technology Policy from the George Washington University. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Borowitz completed a detail as a policy analyst for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC from 2016 to 2018. Her book, “Open Space: The Global Effort for Open Access to Environmental Satellite Data,” was published by MIT Press in 2017.
Christopher E. Carr
Research Scientist, MIT Research Fellow, MGH
A Direct Search for Life As We Know It and Don’t Know It
Christopher E. Carr is an engineer/scientist in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He serves as the Science PI or PI for several life detection instrument and/or astrobiology projects. He is broadly interested in searching for and expanding the presence of life beyond Earth while enabling a sustainable human future. He is currently a Research Scientist at MIT in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, and a Research Fellow at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the Department of Molecular Biology. He also serves as a Scott M. Johnson Fellow in the U.S. Japan Leadership Program. This summer he will join the Georgia Tech faculty as an Assistant Professor in the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, with a secondary appointment in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
2020 Exploration and Origins Colloquium:
This interdisciplinary colloquium will highlight space exploration science and origins research going on at the Georgia Institute of Technology, as well as neighboring universities. The goals of the colloquium are to forge relationships between diverse individuals, encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding, and kick-start future fundable projects requiring the skills and expertise of multi-lab teams.
As previously, the colloquium will be roughly split into two sections: Exploration and Origins. While outlines of the two sections are provided below, the scope of abstracts considered will be broad. Past submissions have been from the departments of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, and multiple engineering departments. We emphasize that all interested parties are welcome regardless of discipline or affiliation.
Exploration: For the Exploration session, we are particularly interested in submissions that deal with any and all aspects of reaching beyond to explore the nature of diverse environments. Examples include space technology development, spacecraft mission design, planetary science modeling, biological or ecological fieldwork and direct observations of extrasolar systems; in short, exploring what is ‘out there’, wherever ‘there’ is.
Origins: Submissions for the Origins session are encouraged to include some aspect of reaching back to understand the nature of the world today. Examples include cosmology and the origins of life itself, the emergence of multicellularity, the evolution of minerals, complex chemistry, atmospheres, and biological molecules or processes, and the formation of planetary systems; basically, how did we get here?
Abstract Pages:
The pages linked here contain a selection of abstracts from our submitting attendees.
The poster boards we will be using have dimensions 36″ by 42″. You may choose to set your poster up in a portrait or landscape orientation.
The organizing committee:
Aaron Pital (Graduate Student, Chemistry and Biochemistry) Chase Chivers (Graduate Student, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) Christina Buffo (Graduate Student, Chemistry and Biochemistry) Tyler Roche (Graduate Student, Chemistry and Biochemistry) Rebecca Guth-Metzler (Graduate Student, Chemistry and Biochemistry) Taylor Plattner (Graduate Student, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) Micah Schaible (Postdoctoral Fellow, Chemistry and Biochemistry)
Funding and Support:
We are grateful for the funding and support provided by CSTAR, GT Conference Support, the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Frank Rosenzweig (NAI, CAN-7)
