2025 Exploration and Origins Colloquium

Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,

The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2025 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session & social on March 6^th (4:30-8pm) and talks on March 7^th. We are thrilled to feature plenary talks by Dr. Penelope Boston from NASA Ames and Dr. Tony G. Chen from Georgia Tech.

Talks and the poster session will be held in person at Georgia Tech, with a virtual viewing/presenting option for talks. Our aim is to highlight early career projects that explore, conceptualize, celebrate, and discover pieces of space, life’s origins, and astrobiology from any field in the Atlanta area. Through this colloquium, we hope to:

forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels and backgrounds
expand our internal awareness of local work and innovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs

General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All early career individuals (graduate students, postdocs, research scientists, and more) are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by the end of the day February 20th. To prepare your abstract you will need a title, author/affiliation list, and one descriptive paragraph. The announcement of selected speakers and poster presentations will be made on March 1st.

Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!

Sincerely,

The Georgia Tech Astrobiology Fellows Abby Diering, Alivia Eng, Jelis Sostre Cortés and Chloe LeCates

2025_ExplOrigins_Flyer Download

January 2, 2024January 11, 2024

2024 Exploration and Origins Colloquium

Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,

The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2024 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session on Feb. 8^th (5-6pm) and talks on Feb. 9^th. We are thrilled to feature plenary talks by Dr. Jill Mikucki from UT Knoxville and Dr. Masatoshi Hirabayashi from Georgia Tech.

forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels and backgrounds
expand our internal awareness of local work and innovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs

General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All early career individuals (undergrads, grads, postdocs, research scientists, and more) are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by the end of the day January 26th. To prepare your abstract you will need a title, author/affiliation list, and one descriptive paragraph. The announcement of selected speakers and poster presentations will be made on February 1st.

Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!

Sincerely,

The Georgia Tech Astrobiology Fellows

Colin Burnett, Sarah Kingsley, Mohamed Nassif, Chad Pozarycki, Vahab Rajaei, and Jose Luis Ramirez Colon

January 9, 2023March 14, 2023

2023 Exploration and Origins Colloquium

Dear Astrobiology, Origins of Life, and Space Exploration Enthusiasts,

The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2023 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session and reception on the evening of February 9^th and talks throughout the day on February 10th. Talks and the poster session will be held in person at Georgia Tech, with a possible virtual viewing/presenting option for talks. We are thrilled to feature keynotes from Dr. Amy Williams and Dr. Heather Abbott-Lyon. Our aim is to bring together researchers from around the Atlanta regional area, and to highlight early career projects from any field that explore, conceptualize, celebrate, and discover pieces of space, life’s origins, and astrobiology. Through this colloquium, we hope to:

forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels, and backgrounds
expand our awareness of local work and innovations
encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs

General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All early career individuals (undergrads, grads, postdocs, research scientists, and more) are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by noon on January 19th. Late submissions for posters will be accepted through February 8th. To prepare your abstract you will need a title, author/affiliation list, and one descriptive paragraph. Announcement of selected speakers will be made on January 20th.

ExplOrigins’ inclusion of a wide breadth of fields joins our commitment for inclusion across race, gender, age, religion, identity, (dis)ability, sexual orientation, and experience.

If you have any questions about the abstract submission process or any other aspect of the colloquium, please email the conference organizers at gtexplorigins@gmail.com.

Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!

Sincerely,

The organizing committee

Christina Buffo, Claire Elbon, Tatiana Gibson, Becca Guth-Metzler, Emmy Hughes, Sarah Kingsley, Jordan McKaig, Vahab Rajaei, Micah Schaible, and Sharissa Thompson

Talk recordings here:

January 12, 2022April 8, 2022

2022 Exploration and Origins Colloquium

Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,

The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2022 Exploration and Origins Colloquium on Febuary 17th–18th, 2022!

The virtual event link is here: 2022 Explorgins Colloquium Bluejeans Event

General registration and abstract submission are through this form. All Early career individuals are highly encouraged to submit abstracts, due by the end of the day on February 4th.

We are thrilled to announce that Dr. Amy Mainzer will be one of our plenary speakers. Dr. Mainzer has done amazing asteroid research and telescope component engineering along with astronomy outreach to children, so be sure to register for the colloquium to hear her talk!

The program for the event can be found at the link below.

2022 ExplOrigins Colloquium Program

Preliminary Schedule:

Thursday, Feb. 17^th Location: MoSE Atriums 3 & 4
Time	Event	Speaker
5:00 – 6:00 p.m.	Poster Session	–
Friday, Feb. 18^th In-person location: Suddath Room, IBB
Time	Event	Speaker
10:00 a.m.	Welcome Speech, Breakfast	Tyler Roche
10:10 – 11:00 a.m.	Talks Section 1: Clathrates, Cubesats, and Characterization	Christina Buffo
	Bacterial Clathrate-Binding Proteins in the Deep Subsurface Biosphere: Implications for Gas Clathrate Stability and Habitability	Abigail Johnson (Virtual)
	Virtual Super-Resolution Optics with Reconfigurable Swarms (VISORS): a Two-CubeSat Formation-Flying Telescope for Coronal Observation	William Rawson
	Characterization and Thermal Analysis of Metal Phosphites and Their Role in Astrobiology	Kimberly Faye Meyberg
11:05 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.	Talks Section 2: All about Mars	Taylor Plattner
	Geochemical and Mineralogical Evidence Against Hydrothermal Conditions in Eridania Basin, Mars	Emily Hughes
	Modeling the behavior of mud flows on Mars	Abigail Russ
	Testing the Hypothesis of Ancient Volcanism in Arabia Terra, Mars	Grace Fanson
12:00 – 1:00 p.m.	Lunch Break
1:00 – 2:00 p.m.	Keynote	Dr. Amy Mainzer
2:00 – 3:05 p.m.	Talks Section 3: Inside Cellular and Molecular Evolution	Jordan McKaig
	Molecular Memory at the Emergence of Life	Kavita Matange
	Experimental Predictions of Ribosomal Evolution	Jay Haynes
	Using the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial ribosome as an orthogonal evolvable translation system	Brooke Rothschild-Mancinelli
	The Dual Origins of Phototrophy Reveals the Importance of Evolutionary Priority Effects in Major Transitions	Anthony Burnetti
3:05 – 3:15 p.m.	Astrobiology Certificate Ceremony & Closing	Dr. Jennifer Glass & Dr. Frances Rivera-Hernandez

More Info:

This colloquium will have events on two days: a poster session on Feb. 17th and talks on Feb. 18th. The posters session and talks will be held in person at Georgia Tech, and the talks will have a virtual viewing option. Our aim is to highlight work involving space exploration, biological, geological, and astronomical origins, and astrobiology from any field in the Atlanta area. Through this colloquium, we hope to:

- Forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels and backgrounds
- Expand our internal awareness of local work and innovations
- Encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
- Provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs

Past submissions have come from Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, and multiple engineering and other departments. We are also continuing our encouragement of a wide breadth of topics, with examples from previous years ranging across mathematical orbital dynamics modeling, the ancestral ribosome, mission architecture design, and early Earth atmospheres, and we hope to see an expansion of subjects in this coming year. If you’re not sure whether your work is related, submit it!

ExplOrigins’ inclusion of a wide breadth of topics joins our commitment for inclusion across race, gender, age, religion, identity, (dis)ability, sexual orientation, and experience.

If you have any questions regarding the abstract submission process, please email the conference organizers at gtexplorigins@gmail.com.

Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you there!

Sincerely,

The organizing committee

Christina Buffo, Chase Chivers, Rebecca Guth-Metzler, Jordan McKaig, Tyler Roche, Taylor Plattner, and Julie Yan.

February 23, 2021February 23, 2021

ExplOrigins Recordings Available on new YouTube Channel!

Thanks to the hard work of Rebecca Guth-Metzler and the ExplOrigins Colloquium organizers, the 2021 ExplOrigins Colloquium recordings are now available to watch on the new Georgia Tech Astrobiology YouTube channel!

February 15, 2021February 17, 2021

Explorigins Colloquium Detailed Schedule

We are excited to present the latest information on our Explorigins colloquium this week as part of Space Science Week @ Tech! See the flyer and schedule below for additional information and a detailed schedule.

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Schedule:

Wed, Feb 17th 5–6 PM (Join here: https://bluejeans.com/488994566)

- Poster Session

Thu, Feb 18th, Starting at 10:15 AM (Join here: https://primetime.bluejeans.com/a2m/live-event/fjxqjbgp)

- 10:15—Welcome and Introduction
- 10:30—Astrobiology graduate certificate ceremony
- 10:45—Talks, 10 min talk + 5 min discussion
  - Bhanu Kumar (Graduate Student, MATH)
  - Rebecca Guth-Metzler (Graduate Student, CHEM)
  - Abigail Johnson (Graduate Student, OSE)
  - Tony Burnetti (Postdoc, BIO)
- 11:45—Plenary talk, Prof. Lisa Yaszek (LMC)
- 12:45—Lunch
- 1:30—Talks, 15 min talk + 5 min discussion
  - Micah Schiable (Research Scientest, ChBE)
  - Prof. Chris Carr (AE and EAS)

Thu, Feb 18th, Starting at 2:15 PM (Register here: https://primetime.bluejeans.com/a2m/register/xecvbzja)

- Watch party for the landing of the Perserverance rover on Mars, co-hosted with CSTAR

Note: This event has separate registration.

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Plenary Speaker: Prof. Lisa Yaszek

Talk Title: A Brief History of Astrobiology Science Fiction, 5BCE–Present

Abstract: In this talk, Regents Professor of Science Fiction Studies Dr. Lisa Yaszek demonstrates how science fiction artists anticipate, dramatize, and extend our ideas about astrobiology. After briefly reviewing astrobiology themes in ancient and medieval world literature, Dr. Yaszek explores three aspects of this discipline that fascinate modern scientists and speculative artists alike: exobiology, the origins of life, and planetary habitability. She concludes by considering the increasingly global and self-reflexive nature of recent astrobiology stories across media.

Bio: Lisa Yaszek is Regents’ Professor of Science Fiction Studies in the School of Literature, Media, and Communication at Georgia Tech. Her books include Galactic Suburbia: Recovering Women’s Science Fiction (Ohio State, 2008); Sisters of Tomorrow: The First Women of Science Fiction (Wesleyan 2016); and Literary Afrofuturism in the Twenty-First Century (co-edited with Isiah Lavender III, Ohio State, 2020). Yaszek ideas have been featured in The Washington Post, Food and Wine Magazine, and USA Today, and she has been an expert commentator for the BBC4’s Stranger Than Sci Fi, Wired.com’s Geek’s Guide to the Galaxy, and the AMC miniseries James Cameron’s Story of Science Fiction. A past president of the Science Fiction Research Association, Yaszek currently serves as a juror for the John W. Campbell and Eugie Foster Science Fiction Awards.

February 15, 2021February 15, 2021

Space Science Week @Tech is here! Join the festivities for the Perseverance Landing!

Welcome to Space Science week at Georgia Tech! Georgia Tech’s Center for Space Tecnology and Research and the ExplOrigins team–our GT Early career Astrobiology community–are teaming up to bring you a fantastic week of events and information about the Red Planet, and the history and exploration of our solar system. We’re excited to showcase some of the exciting work being done here at Tech, and help celebrate the landing of NASA’s Perseverance Rover on Mars this Thursday!
Each day, we’ll send out some Mars Minutes to help you get informed and excited for the big events this Wednesday through Friday. The schedule follows below.

Today’s Mars Minute is a rundown of the Mars 2020 mission and the Perseverance Rove
Every two years, the orbits are right to send a mission to Mars. With the Mars 2020 mission, the goal is to start the ambitious Mars Sample Return program. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover will search for signs of ancient microbial life, which will advance NASA’s quest to explore the past habitability of Mars. The rover has a drill to collect core samples of Martian rock and soil, then store them in sealed tubes for pickup by a future mission that would ferry them back to Earth for detailed analysis. Perseverance will also test technologies to help pave the way for future human exploration of Mars. Strapped to the rover’s belly for the journey to Mars is a technology demonstration — the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, may achieve a “Wright Brothers moment “ by testing the first powered flight on the Red Planet.

Check out the Mars 2020 Mission Trailer here:https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/25473/perseverance-arrives-at-mars-feb-18-2021-mission-trailer/

Check out details here:

January 5, 2021July 30, 2021

2021 Exploration and Origins Colloquium

Dear Astrobiology, Origins, and Space Enthusiasts,

The ExplOrigins early career group invites you to join the 2021 Exploration and Origins Colloquium! This virtual colloquium will have events spanning two days:

Wednesday, February 17th: Poster Session

Thursday, February 18th: Research talks and Mars 2020 Perserverance Landing viewing

Our aim is to highlight work involving space exploration; biological, geological, and astronomical origins; and astrobiology of any sub-field at Georgia Tech and beyond.

Through this colloquium, we hope to:

- - forge relationships between diverse individuals of various fields, experience levels, and backgrounds
  - expand our internal awareness of local work an dinnovations
  - encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary understanding
  - provide a professional growth opportunity for early career individuals including undergraduates, graduates, and post-docs

For registration and abstract submission, complete the form linked below by the end of the day on January 21st (see update below). Announcement of selected speakers and poster presentations will be made on January 25th.

Update: The abstract deadline has been extended to January 29th! Get those abstracts in!

SUBMISSION FORM

January 5, 2021January 5, 2021

2020 Explorigins Colloquium Research Abstracts

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Presentations | Posters

A selection of permitted presenter titles and abstracts have been published below.

Plenary Speakers

Dr. Christopher E. Carr

The synthesis of complex organic molecules, including the building blocks of life as we know it, occurs in stellar nebulas, in reducing planetary atmospheres, and through aqueous reaction networks. To the extent that this chemistry is universal, life elsewhere may also utilize amino acids, and nucleic acids or related informational polymers (IPs) for information storage and heredity.

Earth and Mars have exchanged an estimated billion tons of rock due to large meteorite impacts. If life exists on Mars, it could be related to us. Such an assumption is unlikely to hold for any life within Saturn’s moon Enceladus, or at Jupiter’s moon Europa. Here we describe progress towards life detection beyond Earth via single molecule sequencing of nucleic acids: a Search for Extra-Terrestrial Genomes (SETG). We also describe preliminary work to develop the Electronic Life-detection Instrument for Enceladus/Europa (ELIE), which would utilize nanogaps as a solid-state single molecule detector that is agnostic to the precise target chemical identity, extending detection capabilities from life as we know it to life as we don’t know it.

Dr. Mariel Borowitz

The field of astrobiology, with roots more than 100 years old, evolved quickly after the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This talk explores how the evolution of the field was influenced not only by important developments in science and technology, but also by political and policy issues and decisions. It traces the development of the field over the last sixty years and ends with some discussion of new directions going forward.

Presentations

Dr. Micah Schiable — Chemistry and Biochemistry

The distribution of material throughout our Solar System can place strong constraints on the possible dynamical and thermal histories of small bodies. Only by obtaining a measurement of the large-scale compositional distribution in various regions of the Solar System can questions regarding the origins and history of many small bodies begin to be addressed. Additionally, having a means to rapidly characterize the elemental compositions of bodies could help identify valuable resources for exploration and in situ resource utilization purposes.
The composition of bodies can only be loosely constrained using typical reflected light spectroscopy techniques. Although sample return is the best means of determine details of composition and formation conditions for bodies, it is costly, risky, and limited to a small number of sampling locations. A robust and sensitive technique for obtaining elemental composition of surfaces in high vacuum environments is the collection and analysis of secondary ions ejected due to solar wind and magnetosphere ion sputtering and meteorite impacts. First proposed for space based compositional analysis over 30 years ago [Managadze and Sagdeev, 1988; Johnson and Baragiola, 1991], this technique is commonly known in the laboratory as SIMS and can achieve excellent signal to noise ratios due to low ion backgrounds and high detection sensitivities achievable. Additionally, SIMS measurements at small bodies can help resolve whether these bodies harbor any potentially valuable resources for future exploration missions and how the composition of rocky asteroids varies throughout the Solar System.

Kelvin Smith — Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

My research focuses on the investigation of the relevant kinetic mechanisms of chiral depsipeptide polymerization and degradation. Once these depsipeptide mechanisms are identified, you can predict behavior of similar peptides used to create biopolymers for pharmaceutical purposes such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. The model provides helpful predictions for future synthesis of other depsipeptides, and it consists of a complex Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) framework that simulates growth and degradation of chiral depsipeptides. To use the framework, rate constants of relevant mechanisms must be known a priori through either experimental data or a literary search. To investigate the kinetic mechanisms of ester reactions in depsipeptides, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data of two test molecules are collected and quantified at different pH values and temperatures: multiple oligomers of an HO-dipeptide called glycolic acid alanine (gA) and a methylated molecule of the gA dimer called propionic acid alanine glycolic acid alanine ((PA)AgA). I model and simulate the evolution and degradation of gA using MATLAB to extract rate constants. These degradation rate constants come from a novel model structure that describes two hypothesized mechanisms: scission and backbiting. I perform statistical procedures to determine how good the model fits are to the data, how likely one mechanism describes a model over another, and how confident we can be in the predicted values. Preliminary results show that both scission and backbiting rate constants of the gA oligomers and (PA)AgA follow an Arrhenius relationship and that backbiting is a dominant degradation mechanism at basic pH values in gA oligomers. When the rate constants were plotted against pH, similar behavior can be found in the literature.

Petar Penev — Biological Sciences

The ribosome’s common core connects all life back to a common ancestor and serves as a window to relationships among organisms. In eukaryotes, the common core contains expansion segments (ES’s) that vastly increase ribosomal RNA size. Supersized ES’s have not been observed previously in Bacteria or Archaea, and the origin of eukaryotic ES’s remains enigmatic. We discovered that the large subunit rRNA of Lokiarchaeota, the closest modern cell lineage to the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya, bridges the gap in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rRNA. The long large subunit rRNA in Lokiarchaeota is largely due to the presence of two eukaryotic-like, supersized ES’s, ES9 and ES39, which are transcribed in situ. We applied computational models, covariation analysis, and chemical footprinting experiments to study the structure and evolution of Lokiarchaeota ES9 and ES39. We also defined the eukaryotic ES39 fold for comparison. We found that Lokiarchaeota and eukaryotic ES’s are structurally distinct: Lokiarchaeota ES39 has more and longer helices than the eukaryotic ES39 fold. Despite their structural differences, we found that Lokiarchaeota and eukaryotic ES’s originated from a common ancestor that was “primed” for evolution of larger and more complex rRNAs than those found in Bacteria and other archaea.

Dr. Anthony Burnetti

Phototrophy – the ability of a cell to capture light energy for metabolism – is responsible for the vast majority of biomass production and metabolic flux on Earth, and its origin represents an extremely important evolutionary transition. This capability has evolved independently exactly twice in Earth’s history, via chlorophototrophic and retinalophototrophic machinery. Close examination of the properties of these metabolic pathways reveals them to be remarkably complementary in their chemical makeup and ecological roles, suggesting that their properties are the result of ancient ecological interactions between incumbent and novel phototrophs filling initially vacant ecological niches rather than being the random results of rare, difficult innovations. Each origin of phototrophy has filled a particular niche in the tradeoff between efficiency per unit light and efficiency per unit protein infrastructure, and has suppressed the evolution of novel machineries like themselves while failing to suppress each other due to their fundamental architectural differences.

As a “dual evolutionary singularity”, phototrophy can also be used as a touchstone to understand the dynamics of major evolutionary innovations and transitions in the history of life on Earth. Many innovations, such as the singular origin of eukaryotes or the origin of life itself, occurred exactly once and transformed the planet. Others, like the evolution of multicellularity, have occurred many times. This could be due to some innovations being intrinsically rare or difficult, or evolutionary singularities could be singular as a result of ecological interactions by first-movers suppressing innovation by other lineages. The example of phototrophy suggests that many of these singularities could be simpler to evolve than they seem, and could be common in other biospheres.

Aaron Pital

The pace of publication in the sciences has long since outstripped human ability to read and synthesize information. While interdisciplinary work can mitigate some of this burden, there remain fundamental questions about whether attentional blindness and the opportunity cost of reaching beyond the comfort of one’s expertise hold back innovation in speculative fields such as the origins of life. We present a brief model of associative information in scientific publication and propose tools derived from information theory, natural language processing, and data science to search for physical and chemical contexts embedded in literature from fields as diverse and non-traditional as soil science and drug design. The goals of these efforts are 1) to identify physical and chemical information of interest to origins of life researchers which would otherwise be unlikely to rise to the community’s attention and 2) to define rules for correlated information generally to improve literature cataloging, referencing and retrieval.

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January 5, 2021January 5, 2021

2020 Explorigins Colloquium Poster Abstracts

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Presentations | Posters

Posters

Poster No.	Name	Poster Title	Department	Exploration or Origins?
1	Anna Simpson	Landscape Ecology Applied to Astrobiology: Lessons learned from FELDSPAR	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Exploration
2	Bhanu Kumar	Computation and Analysis of Invariant Tori Near Resonances in the Planar Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem	Mathematics	Exploration
3	Bridget Wiley	VERNE: Thermal Management System	Aerospace Engineering	Exploration
4	Frances Bryson	Initial Design & Considerations for the Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa (VERNE) Sample Handling System	Mechanical Engineering	Exploration
5	Frances Bryson	Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa: Initial Design of Vehicle Structures	Mechanical Engineering	Exploration
6	Kenneth Seaton	Examining Organic Biomarker Survivability in Enceladus Plume Capture Conditions using Laser-Induced Projectile Impact Testing	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Exploration
7	Mohamed Nassif	Drill Design Considerations for Use on Europa	Aerospace Engineering	Exploration
8	Philip Szot	Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa – Systems Team	Aerospace Engineering	Exploration
9	Sara Pierson	Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa (VERNE): Communications and Data Handling	Aerospace Engineering	Exploration
10	Ashley Hanna	Science System for Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa (VERNE)	Earth and Atmospheric Sciences	Exploration/Origins
11	Abigail Johnson	Potential Life Strategies in Gas Clathrates	Earth and Atmospheric Sciences	Origins
12	Ayanna Jones	Utilizing Systems Analysis to Understand the Chemical Language of the Rhizosphere	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
13	Brooke Rothschild-Mancinelli	Understanding Containment: Life Unbounded?	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
14	Jay Haynes	Structure and Activity of the Ancestral Ribosome	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
15	Martin C	Acylated Peptide Building Blocks Polymerize to Form Supramolecular Assemblies in Response to Environmental Cycling	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
16	Rebecca Guth-Metzler	Probing ancestral ribosomal iron utilization through Fe2+ in-line cleavage	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
17	Tyler Roche	Robust Ribonucleosides: A Pathway to Ribose from Simple Sugars via Ketose Intermediates	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins
18	Vahab Rajaei	Polymer Evolution using Alkyl Alcohols in the Absence of Water	Chemistry and Biochemistry	Origins

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